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Spina bifida is a birth defect where a baby’s spine and spinal cord do not develop properly in the womb. It is a neural tube defect that can lead to varying degrees of physical disability. While the exact cause remains unknown, early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition.
At Complete Neuro Rehab, we specialise in helping children and adults with spina bifida gain strength, improve mobility, and enhance overall well-being through physiotherapy.
What is Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida occurs when the spinal column fails to close completely during fetal development. This results in varying levels of spinal cord exposure and nerve damage, affecting movement, bladder and bowel control, and other bodily functions.
The severity of spina bifida can range from mild to severe, depending on the type and extent of nerve involvement.
What Causes Spina Bifida?
While the exact cause of spina bifida is unknown, certain risk factors have been identified, including:
- Genetics – A family history of neural tube defects may increase the likelihood.
- Folic Acid Deficiency – Low folic acid levels during pregnancy have been linked to spina bifida.
- Environmental Factors – Certain medications, high fever during pregnancy, or uncontrolled diabetes in the mother may play a role.
What Are The Types of Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida varies in severity, and the three most common types include:
1. Myelomeningocele (Severe Type)
This is the most serious form, where a sac of fluid containing parts of the spinal cord and nerves protrudes from the baby’s back. Nerve damage is significant, leading to paralysis, mobility issues, and organ dysfunction.
2. Meningocele (Moderate Type)
A fluid-filled sac pushes through an opening in the spine, but the spinal cord remains within the baby’s body. This type may result in minor or no nerve damage.
3. Spina Bifida Occulta (Mild Type)
Often referred to as “hidden” spina bifida, this type occurs when there is a small gap in the spine, but no visible opening or sac. Many individuals with this condition have no symptoms and may not even know they have it.
Common Symptoms of Spina Bifida
The symptoms of spina bifida depend on the severity of the condition. Some common issues include:
- Weakness or paralysis in the legs
- Bladder and bowel dysfunction
- Orthopaedic complications such as scoliosis or clubfoot
- Hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain) in severe cases
- Learning difficulties in some individuals
How is Spina Bifida Diagnosed?
Spina bifida can be diagnosed both before and after birth using:
- Prenatal ultrasound scans – To detect spinal abnormalities.
- Blood tests – Checking alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in pregnant women.
- MRI or CT scans – Used after birth to assess the severity of nerve damage.
Treatment Options for Spina Bifida
There is no cure for spina bifida, but various treatments help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These include:
1. Surgery
In severe cases (myelomeningocele), surgery may be performed soon after birth to close the spinal defect. In some cases, fetal surgery can be done before birth to minimise nerve damage.
2. Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in improving mobility, preventing deformities, and strengthening muscles.
3. Assistive Devices
Wheelchairs, braces, or walking aids may be used to enhance mobility and independence.
How Physiotherapy Can Help Manage Spina Bifida
Physiotherapy is essential for individuals with spina bifida, helping them:
- Improve strength and coordination
- Prevent joint and muscle contractures
- Enhance balance and posture
- Maximise independence in daily activities
Physiotherapy Services at Complete Neuro Rehab
At CN Rehab, our expert physiotherapists offer tailored treatment plans for children and adults with spina bifida. Our approach includes:
- Posture correction and movement training
- Leg strengthening exercises to improve walking ability
- Parent education on proper handling techniques and home exercises
- Hydrotherapy and functional training for long-term mobility enhancement
Tips for Managing Spina Bifida at Home
Parents and caregivers play a key role in managing spina bifida. Here are some helpful tips:
- Encourage movement and physical activity to maintain flexibility and strength.
- Maintain good posture to prevent deformities.
- Use adaptive equipment for mobility support if needed.
- Ensure a nutritious diet for overall well-being.
Future Prospects and Living with Spina Bifida
With advancements in medical research and physiotherapy, many individuals with spina bifida lead fulfilling lives. Support networks, education, and continued therapy make a significant difference in long-term outcomes.
Managing spina bifida requires a multidisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, therapists, and caregivers. With the right support, individuals with spina bifida can achieve their full potential.
Get in Touch with Us Today!
At Complete Neuro Rehab, we specialise in helping individuals with spina bifida improve their mobility and quality of life. If you or your child need expert physiotherapy care, contact us today for a consultation.
